Miadent physicians recommend that people brush their teeth twice a day for two minutes with a soft-bristled toothbrush.
Replace toothbrushes every three to four months, or more often if the bristles are visibly dull or worn.
Manual or electric toothbrushes can be used effectively.
Toothbrushes should not be shared. Sharing a toothbrush can lead to the exchange of body fluids and microorganisms between people.
Rinse the toothbrush thoroughly after each use to remove any remaining paste and debris.
After use, store toothbrushes in an upright position and let them dry. Storing a damp toothbrush in a closed container encourages microbial growth more than exposing it to open air.
Toothbrushes should be replaced approximately every three to four months or more frequently if the bristles become matted or worn. As the bristles wear out, the effectiveness of the brush decreases.
Toothbrushes have been shown to harbor bacteria (including fecal coliform bacteria, which can be released into the air when the toilet is flushed or spread onto a toothbrush when the owner touches a contaminated surface before handling his or her brush). Although toothbrushes have been shown to harbor bacteria, there is no evidence that these bacteria cause adverse health effects. However, some patients may be interested in sterilizing their toothbrushes. Although there is little data in the literature regarding sterilizing a toothbrush, one study shows that soaking a toothbrush in 3 percent hydrogen peroxide or Listerine mouthwash greatly reduces bacterial load (i.e., 85 percent).
Microwaving or putting toothbrushes in the dishwasher is not recommended as such high heat can damage the brush. Toothbrush disinfectant devices are available.
The World Dental Association recommends brushing teeth for two minutes twice a day using toothpaste. Brushing for two minutes has been shown to provide clinically significant plaque removal, and the use of a fluoride-containing toothpaste has been shown to increase fluoride concentration levels in biofilm fluid and saliva and is associated with a reduced risk of tooth decay and remineralization.
There are several techniques for brushing teeth; either may have advantages depending on the patient’s specific needs. The World Dental Association recommends that people place the toothbrush at a 45-degree angle to the gum line and remove plaque from just above and below the gum edge, gently moving the toothbrush back and forth in short strokes. To clean the inner surfaces of the front teeth, one should tilt the brush vertically and make several up-and-down movements. Regardless of the technique used, scrubbing should contact all surfaces.